刘润:特朗普的目的,是拆庙

"I, DONALD J. TRUMP, ... find that underlying conditions, including ... large and persistent annual U.S. goods trade deficits, constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and economy of the United States. ... I hereby declare a national emergency with respect to this threat."
“我,唐纳德·J·特朗普,……认定,潜在的状况,包括……巨大且持续的年度美国商品贸易逆差,对美国的国家安全和经济构成了非同寻常的威胁。……我特此就此威胁宣布国家紧急状态。”
什么意思?
意思就是告诉你,我这个行政令的靶子,就是:贸易逆差。不要猜。我这么兴师动众,就是为了解决这个问题(至少表面上)。
为什么?因为这个问题,已经威胁到了美国的国家安全。
你看他用的这些大词:巨大且持续(large and persistent)的逆差。
非同寻常(unusual and extraordinary)的威胁。
所以,我不得不宣布,美国进入紧急状态。
什么是紧急状态?
就是在战争、恐怖袭击、重大灾害等等紧急状态发生时,总统可以获得一种临时放大的权力,被允许绕开正常程序,使用一些平时不被允许的行政手段。比如冻结资产、限制出口、动用军方资源,或者绕开国会授权直接加征关税。
这时的总统,就像吃了仙豆的pac-man一样,打开了“隐藏技能”。
但是,贸易逆差,也算紧急状态吗?
当然算。特朗普说。
我们再看一段。
"Large and persistent annual U.S. goods trade deficits have led to the hollowing out of our manufacturing base; inhibited our ability to scale advanced domestic manufacturing capacity; undermined critical supply chains; and rendered our defense-industrial base dependent on foreign adversaries."
“巨大且持续的年度美国商品贸易逆差导致了我们制造业基础的空心化;抑制了我们扩大国内先进制造能力的能力;破坏了关键供应链;并使我们的国防工业基础依赖于外国对手。”
"The post-war international economic system was based upon three incorrect assumptions... [including] that the United States would not accrue large and persistent goods trade deficits." ... "Put simply, while World Trade Organization (WTO) Members agreed to bind their tariff rates on a most-favored-nation (MFN) basis... they did not agree to bind their tariff rates at similarly low levels or to apply tariff rates on a reciprocal basis."
“战后国际经济体系基于三个错误的假设...(包括)美国不会累积巨大且持续的商品贸易逆差。”...“简而言之,尽管世贸组织(WTO)成员同意在最惠国(MFN)基础上约束其关税税率...但他们并未同意将关税税率约束在类似的低水平,也未同意在对等基础上适用关税税率。”
"Moreover, non-tariff barriers include the domestic economic policies and practices of our trading partners, including currency practices and value-added taxes, and their associated market distortions, that suppress domestic consumption and boost exports to the United States."
“此外,非关税壁垒包括我们贸易伙伴的国内经济政策和实践,包括货币操作和增值税,以及它们相关的市场扭曲,这些政策抑制了国内消费并促进了对美国的出口。”
"It is the policy of the United States to rebalance global trade flows by imposing an additional ad valorem duty on all imports from all trading partners except as otherwise provided herein. The additional ad valorem duty on all imports from all trading partners shall start at 10 percent and shortly thereafter, the additional ad valorem duty shall increase for trading partners enumerated in Annex I to this order at the rates set forth in Annex I..." "Such rates of duty shall apply with respect to goods entered for consumption... on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 5, 2025..." "...at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 9, 2025, all articles from trading partners enumerated in Annex I... shall be... subject to the country-specific ad valorem rates of duty specified in Annex I..."
“美国的政策是通过对来自所有贸易伙伴的所有进口商品(除非本命令另有规定)征收额外的从价税来重新平衡全球贸易流。对来自所有贸易伙伴的所有进口商品征收的额外从价税将从10%开始,此后不久,附件一所列贸易伙伴的额外从价税将按附件一规定的税率提高...” “此类关税税率适用于在2025年4月5日东部夏令时凌晨12:01或之后报关进入消费的商品...” “...在2025年4月9日东部夏令时凌晨12:01,来自附件一所列贸易伙伴的所有物品...应...受附件一规定的国别特定从价税率的约束...”
"(b) Should any trading partner retaliate against the United States... I may further modify the HTSUS to increase or expand in scope the duties imposed..." "(c) Should any trading partner take significant steps to remedy non-reciprocal trade arrangements... I may further modify the HTSUS to decrease or limit in scope the duties imposed..." "(d) Should U.S. manufacturing capacity and output continue to worsen, I may further modify the HTSUS to increase duties..."
“(b) 若任何贸易伙伴因此行动而对美国进行报复...我可能会进一步修改HTSUS,以提高或扩大本命令所征收关税的范围...” “(c) 若任何贸易伙伴采取重大步骤纠正非互惠贸易安排...我可能会进一步修改HTSUS,以降低或限制本命令所征收关税的范围...” “(d) 若美国制造业能力和产出继续恶化,我可能会进一步修改HTSUS以提高关税...”
世贸组织所代表的“多边贸易时代”,结束了。
你们的旧世界结束了。新世界来了。想知道在新世界里,你的位置在哪里?来找我谈判。
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